標(biāo)題：AZFP論文：楚科奇海東北部北極鱈在環(huán)境驅(qū)動(dòng)因素下的時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài)分布
Abstract
The Chukchi Sea pelagic ecosystem continues to undergo dramatic oceanographic changes associated with reductions in sea ice and increasing temperatures over the last decades. Impacts of these changes on polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an iceassociated pelagic fish that constitutes a key energetic link between lower and upper trophic levels, remain uncertain. Here, we use 4 years (2016–2019) of high-resolution acoustic and oceanographic data from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory to characterize temporal patterns in polar cod densities and identify its environmental drivers in years with contrasting sea ice and temperature conditions. Polar cod densities were 2–16 times greater with peaks occurring 14–60 days earlier in years with early sea ice retreat and higher water temperatures (2017 and 2019). The variance to mean relationship showed a decrease in variance for larger abundances in warmer years. Increased densities occurring earlier in the summer are attributed to a combination of earlier and increased transport of polar cod eggs and larvae from spawning areas, enhanced local primary and secondary production, and increased growth rates of fish due to higher temperatures. Earlier sea ice retreat and increases in temperature could temporarily benefit polar cod production in the NE Chukchi Sea but potential changes in prey quality, mismatch between polar cod and its prey, and increased competition with boreal fish species could have detrimental effects on polar cod populations with further warming. Such effects on polar cod populations could propagate through pelagic Arctic food webs impacting higher trophic levels and human communities.
Keywords: Acoustic backscatter · Polar cod · Chukchi Sea · Arctic pelagic ecosystem
摘要：
楚科奇海遠(yuǎn)洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在過(guò)去幾十年中繼續(xù)經(jīng)歷著與海冰減少和氣溫升高相關(guān)的巨大海洋學(xué)變化。這些變化對(duì)極地鱈魚(yú)（Boreogadus saida）的影響尚不確定，極地鱈魚(yú)是一種與冰有關(guān)的遠(yuǎn)洋魚(yú)類(lèi)，在低營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)和高營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)之間構(gòu)成了關(guān)鍵的能量聯(lián)系。在這里，我們使用楚科奇生態(tài)系統(tǒng)觀測(cè)站4年（2016-2019）的高分辨率聲學(xué)和海洋學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)表征極地鱈魚(yú)密度的時(shí)間模式，并確定其在海冰和溫度條件對(duì)比的年份中的環(huán)境驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。極地鱈魚(yú)密度高出2-16倍，峰值出現(xiàn)在海冰提前退縮和水溫升高的年份（2017年和2019年）的14-60天前。方差與均值的關(guān)系表明，在溫暖的年份，豐度越大，方差越小。夏季早些時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的密度增加是由于極地鱈魚(yú)卵和幼蟲(chóng)從產(chǎn)卵區(qū)的運(yùn)輸提前和增加，當(dāng)?shù)爻跫?jí)和次級(jí)生產(chǎn)增強(qiáng)，以及溫度升高導(dǎo)致魚(yú)類(lèi)生長(zhǎng)速度加快。海冰的早期退縮和溫度的升高可能會(huì)暫時(shí)有利于楚科奇海東北部的極地鱈魚(yú)生產(chǎn)，但隨著進(jìn)一步變暖，獵物質(zhì)量的潛在變化、極地鱈魚(yú)與其獵物之間的不匹配以及與北方魚(yú)類(lèi)物種的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇可能會(huì)對(duì)極地鱈魚(yú)種群產(chǎn)生不利影響。這種對(duì)極地鱈魚(yú)種群的影響可能會(huì)通過(guò)北極遠(yuǎn)洋食物網(wǎng)傳播，影響更高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平和人類(lèi)群落。
關(guān)鍵詞：AZFP，魚(yú)類(lèi)和浮游動(dòng)物聲學(xué)剖面儀，聲學(xué)后向散射·極地鱈魚(yú)·楚科奇?！け睒O遠(yuǎn)洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
